Here is a list of the most common electronic components, each shown with its real-life image and schematic symbol for beginners.
1. Resistor and symbol
| |
| Resistors limit the flow of current in a circuit. Can be fixed or variable (potentiometer). |
2. Capacitor
|
──| |── |
| Capacitors store electrical energy. Polarized capacitors must be connected correctly. |
3. Diode
 | | Diode |
|
 | | Zener Diode |
|
| Diodes allow current to flow in one direction only (forward bias). |
4. LED (Light Emitting Diode)
5. Transistor NPN and PNP
|
|
| PNP and PNP Transistor switches or amplifies current. Arrow direction shows emitter flow. Small base current controls larger collector-emitter current. |
6. Relay
|
|
| Relay is an electromechanical switch. Small coil current controls a larger current in the main circuit. |
7. Integrated Circuit (IC)
| |
| IC contains multiple components like resistors, capacitors, and transistors in a single chip. |
8. Battery
|
|
| Battery provides DC voltage. "+" = positive, "-" = negative. |
9. Switchs
|
|
| Switch opens or closes a circuit manually. Can be Normally Open (NO) or Normally Closed (NC). |
10. Ground
| Ground is the reference point for voltages in a circuit. |
